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Siamang

Siamang

Symphalangus syndactylus
  • Habitat

Overview

The siamang (or Symphalangus syndactylus) is a species of gibbon living in the rainforests of the Malay Peninsula and Indonesian island of Sumatra. Their body is covered in all-black shaggy fur, which is thinner and grey on their faces. Siamangs have very long arms - their arm span approximately measuring twice their body length, short and sturdy legs and no tail. One of their most prominent features is the throat sac under their chin, which inflates during their distinctive vocalisations. Typically, siamangs are 75cm to 100cm tall and weigh between 10kg and 13kg. Like other lesser apes, this species exhibits little to no sexual dimorphism.

Siamang

Found in Southeast Asia

Regions

Biomes

Appearance

Siamang

Male

Siamang

Female

Siamang

Juvenile

Size & weight

Size

Standing height: 88 cm

Human
Male
Female

Juvenile

Juvenile weight

5.75 kg

Measured as Standing height. The person stands 1.75 m tall for scale.

Habitat requirements

Barrier

Barrier grade

Grade 2 of 5

Minimum height

3 m minimum

1 m
Fence

Climbing & water

Climb proof

Needed

Water barrier

Allowed

Water barrier size

6 m wide, 2 m deep

Barriers at this grade

Barrier types with resistance grade 2.

Combine this animal with others in the barrier planner.

Barrier planner
Barrier types

Habitat needs

Minimum area

Land

240 m² + 40 m² per extra animal

Climbing

60 m² + 20 m² per extra animal

Shelter

10 m² per animal

Environment

Temperature

18 to 33°C

Plant coverage

45-100%

Enclosure

Climb-Proof Habitat

Dislikes

Rain and snow

Terrain

  • Short Grass 20-100%
  • Sand 0-20%
  • Soil 10-80%
  • Rock 0-40%
  • Waterlogged 0-10%

Conservation

IUCN Red List

Endangered

Least concern

Critically endangered

Wild population

100,000

100,000 (estimated) in the wild. Rank 39 of 58 species with a known count, smallest first.

Siamangs are Endangered due to the great decrease in population numbers over the last decades. Deforestation and agricultural land conversion is the main threat to their survival, as their habitat is destroyed to often create palm oil plantations or illegal logging operations. This fragments and isolates populations, making it difficult for them to find mates. They are also under pressure from the illegal pet trade, where poachers will kill mothers to have easier access to their infants to sell them. The siamang is a protected species, and several areas throughout their native range have been designated as conservation zones to safeguard the remaining populations of not only the siamang, but also other gibbons. Some organisations have launched successful rescue and reintroduction programs into safe, monitored areas. International and local efforts are also focused on educating communities, enforcing wildlife protection laws, and promoting sustainable land-use practices to limit deforestation.

Zoopedia sketchbook

Siamang

Social & reproduction

Keeper notes

Siamangs live in family groups made up of a monogamous breeding pair with their immature offspring, usually 2 to 3 juveniles. They are very social animals and generally do not live alone. Young, single siamangs vocalise to attract a mate. When a male and female siamang meet, they will share each other’s company and food, and if compatible, will begin bonding by grooming each other and singing ‘duets’. They may begin copulating often, from which point on the couple will remain together for life. Mating can occur year-round, but peaks from May to July. Pregnancies last around 8 months, and the female will give birth to a single infant. She will carry it around exclusively for the first 3 months of its life, then less and less. The juvenile begins consuming solid food at 6 months of age, and will be fully weaned at 1 year old. Around this time, the father will become the primary carer, teaching the infant how to traverse the trees, forage, and interact with other siamangs. At around 3 years of age, the juvenile does not require much assistance from its parents anymore, and the mother will usually give birth to a newborn once her first child is 3 years old. Older siblings often aid the father with raising infants. Siamangs leave their family group at around 6 to 8 years old in order to found their own families, reaching sexual maturity at 8 or 9 years old.

Group and breeding

Group

Group name

Clan

Group size

2-6 (up to 5 males, up to 5 females)

Male bachelor group

1-6

Female bachelor group

1-6

Offspring dispersal

None

Lifecycle and breeding

Life expectancy

30-50 years

Age of sexual maturity

8 years

Age of sexual sterility

40 years

Gestation or incubation

8 months

Interbirth period

28 months

Litter size

1

Mating system

Monogamous

Mating season

Aseasonal

Reproduction in captivity

Average

Dominance

Dominant mated pair leading family

Research

Research levels

LevelUnlocksResearch gate
Level 1Thriving Requirement 1: at least 15 objects or plants with the Climbable tag
Level 2Thriving Requirement 2: Tool Puzzle Feeder, at least 2; Siamang Fact Sheet
Level 3Release groups and release to the wild
Level 4Thriving Requirement 3: Food Grade 2; Fertility Level 1 (+15% fertility)Before this level: an Observation Network (Observation Platform) in Sumatra Reserve and this species released in Sumatra Reserve
Level 5Thriving Requirement 4: at least 50% native plants
Level 6Thriving Requirement 5: at least 4 objects or plants with the Trees tag; Fertility Level 2 (+30% fertility)

Researched by

Vets

Researched at

Habitat or exhibit and Research Centre

Wildlife Reserve

Sumatra Reserve

Every level of this species' research, with its unlock conditions.

Full research tree

Release groups

Valid release groups

GroupTypeAnimals
Family TroopMixed group2 to 3 males, 2 to 3 females
Mating PairBreeding partners1 male, 1 female

Release requirements

Requirement typeRequirement
Ecosystems RequiredLowland Rainforest
Ecosystems RequiredMontane Rainforest

Release groups, reserve requirements and the roles this species fills.

All release group details

Animal facts

  • Siamang monogamous pairs will often sing together for several minutes to mark and defend their territory and bond with each other.
  • The Siamang is the largest species of gibbon.
  • Siamangs play an important role in their native ecosystems, as frugivores they aid forest regeneration by spreading seeds via defecation.
  • Two toes on the siamang’s feet are connected by membrane, a feature unique to the siamang within the gibbon family.
  • Siamang families develop very close bonds; parents mate for life and the whole group travels together.

Taxonomy

Class

Mammalia

Order

Primates

Family

Hylobatidae

Genus

Symphalangus

Species

Symphalangus syndactylus
Siamang

Siamang

Symphalangus syndactylus

Class

Mammal

Found in

Asia

Endangered

EN

Enclosure

Habitat

Biomes

Tropical

Standing height

88 cm

Barrier grade

Revealed 6 Oct 2026

Base game

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